Kott language

 ( Extinct Languages Of Asia ) 

The Kott ( Kot) language () is an extinct Yeniseian language that was formerly spoken in central Siberia by the banks of the Mana River, a tributary of the Yenisei river. It became extinct in the 1850s. Kott was closely related to Ket language, still spoken farther north along the Yenisei river. Assan language, a close relative, is sometimes considered a dialect of Kott.

The term kott may be derived from Buryat language 'town', applied to neighbouring non-pastoral peoples, including the last few Kotts.

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Geographical distribution Kott was spoken to the southeast of Krasnoyarsk, in the Biryusa and Kan river basins. However, Hydronym indicate a much wider area in the past, ranging from the Uda and Chuna rivers in the east to the Tom in the west.

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Documentation One of the earliest written records of Kott is in 1791, with the publication of Peter Simon Pallas's , a comparative dictionary of various world languages and dialects. In 1858, Matthias Castrén published the grammar and dictionary ( Versuch einer jenissei-ostjakischen und kottischen Sprachlehre), which included material on the Kott and Ket (Yenisei-Ostyak) languages, recording two different dialects of Kott in the 1840s. There also exists two books written by about the Kott language, namely (Kottskij jazyk), which includes a 110-page Russian-Kott glossary,

G. K. (Г. К. Вернер) Verner (1990). 9785750703579, Izdatel'stvo rostovskogo universiteta. ISBN 9785750703579

and .

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Phonology

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Vowels

In multisyllabic words, Gemination is phonemic.

+Vowels in Kott ! !Front vowel !Central vowel !Back vowel

1. is only attested in a few words dated to the 18th century, and can be considered an allophone of .

Vajda 2024 gives a different vowel system for Kott, based on Castrén 1858.

+Vowels of 19th-century Kott ! rowspan="2"	! colspan="2"Front vowel ! colspan="2"	Central vowel ! colspan="2"	Back vowel

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Consonants

+Consonants according to Werner 1990 ! colspan="2"	!Labial consonant !Dental consonant !Palatal !Velar consonant !Uvular consonant !Pharyngeal !Laryngeal

+Consonants in Kott according to Werner 1997 ! colspan="2"	!Labial consonant !Dental consonant !Postalveolar !Palatal !Velar consonant !Uvular consonant !Laryngeal/ Pharyngeal

Consonants as recorded by Castren 1858 are presented below. Allophones are presented next to their grapheme.

+Consonants of 19th-century Kott ! colspan="2"	!Labial consonant !Alveolar !Palato-alveolar !Palatal !Velar consonant !Uvular consonant !Glottal
	r		j /			ʔ
m	n /			ŋ

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Grammar

Kott has special end markings to indicate that the noun being described is a hydronym which are -šet/-čet.

Kott is an agglutinative, polysynthetic language which typically uses SVO word order, but can vary depending on situation. It uses Suffix, Prefix and Infix in its verbal inflection, however suffixation is more common than infixation. Personal-subject verbal indicators are usually suffixed to the verb form, and personal-objective indicators are affixed.

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Case

has 7 cases. The dative, ablative and locative cases developed from possesed nouns, similarly to Ket and Yugh.

+Kott cases in Verner 1990 ! rowspan="2"	! colspan="2"	singular ! colspan="2"	plural

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Lexicon

Kott had been influenced by Turkic languages, and had borrowed some words from Turkic languages. For example Kott baktîr- ‘to praise’ comes from Proto-Turkic *paktïr (based on phonetics, likely loaned from Kumandin or Shor language), or Kott kolá ‘copper, brass’ comes from Proto-Turkic *kola (of which the source is not phonetically identifiable). At the time of its extinction, it was also loaning words from Russian.

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External links

• Kott basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database

Categories: Extinct Languages Of Asia, Yeniseian Languages, Languages Extinct In The 19th Century, Agglutinative Languages, Polysynthetic Languages

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